Pages of revolution, promise and hope: metaphors of cloning and stem cell research in Brazilian newspapers
PDF (Português (Brasil))

Keywords

Discourse
Metaphors
Cloning
Stem Cells
Brazilian Press

How to Cite

da Silva Medeiros, F. N. (2013). Pages of revolution, promise and hope: metaphors of cloning and stem cell research in Brazilian newspapers. Brazilian Journalism Research, 9(2), 220–237. https://doi.org/10.25200/BJR.v9n2.2013.611

Abstract

Metaphors not only contribute to cognitively accommodate new information and concepts, but also to mobilize political, social or ideological meanings. In the popularization of biotechnology-related facts and achievements, the metaphors chosen to construct newspaper articles may influence both positively and negatively the general public perceptions of its several applications. This study reports a discourse analysis of metaphors used in Brazilian opinion-leading newspapers to popularize cloning and stem cell research: “revolution”, “opening new ways/doors”, “promise” and “hope”. Predominantly associated with positive sense, they may have contributed to reduce the resistance against animal and/or therapeutic cloning and to construct a moral imperative in favor of embryonic stem cell research, which would lead to therapies or cures for incurable diseases.

https://doi.org/10.25200/BJR.v9n2.2013.611
PDF (Português (Brasil))

References

Alemães dizem ter célula-tronco adulta tão boa quanto de embrião. Folha de S.Paulo, São Paulo, 29 mai. 2004. Ciência, p.A15.

ANGELO, Claudio. Célula-tronco não é panacéia, diz cientista. Folha de S.Paulo, São Paulo, 14 ago. 2004. Caderno Especial, p.A7.

As pesquisas com embriões. O Globo, Rio de Janeiro, 24 jul. 2001. O Mundo, p.28.

Avanço para a ciência. Folha de S.Paulo, São Paulo, 11 ago. 2004. Opinião, p.A2.

AZEVEDO, Ana Lucia. Revolução na medicina nas mãos de Bush. O Globo, Rio de Janeiro, 29 jul. 2001. Ciência e Vida, p.41.

AZEVEDO, Ana Lúcia. Clonagem de Dolly abriu caminho para transplantes de órgãos feitos sob medida. O Globo, Rio de Janeiro, 22 fev. 1998. O Mundo, p.33.

AZEVEDO, Ana Lúcia. Brasil não tem legislação sobre clonagem. O Globo, Rio de Janeiro, 2 mar. 1997. Ciência e Vida, p.59.

AZEVEDO, Ana Lúcia; BRAGA, Juliana; JANSEN, Roberta. Cientistas coreanos criam 30 clones humanos. O Globo, Rio de Janeiro, 13 fev. 2004. Ciência e Vida, p.40.

BAUER, Martin W.; AARTS, Bas. A construção do corpus: um princípio para a coleta de dados qualitativos. In: BAUER, Martin W.; GASKELL, George. Pesquisa qualitativa com texto, imagem e som: um manual prático. 7ª ed. Petrópolis: Editora Vozes, 2008, p.39-63.

BAUER, Martin W. et al. The dramatisation of biotechnology in elite mass media. In: GASKELL, George; BAUER, Martin W. (Eds). Biotechnology 1996-2000 – the years of controversy. London: Science Museum, 2001, p.35-52.

Biossegurança. Folha de S.Paulo, São Paulo, 8 fev. 2004. Opinião, p.2.

BRAGA, Juliana. Estudo aumenta polêmica sobre bebê clonado. O Globo, Rio de Janeiro, 13 fev. 2004. Ciência e Vida, p.41.

BROWN, Nik. Organising/disorganising the breakthrough motif: Dolly the cloned ewe meets Astrid the hybrid pig. In: BROWN, Nik; RAPPERT, Brian; WEBSTER, Andrew (Eds.). Contested futures: a sociology of prospective techno-science. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2000, p.87-108.

Cambridge lança centro de pesquisa de células-tronco. Folha de S.Paulo, São Paulo, 22 jun. 2004. Ciência, p.12.

CESARINO, Letícia; LUNA, Naara. The embryo research debate in Brazil: From the National Congress to the Federal Supreme Court. Social Studies of Science, London, v.41, n.2, p.227-250, Jan. 2010.

Cientistas clonam cinco ovelhas. O Globo, Rio de Janeiro, 25 jul. 1997. Ciência e Vida, p.35.

Cientistas criam ratos com células humanas. O Globo, Rio de Janeiro, 25 fev. 2001. Ciência e Vida, p.27.

Cientistas produzem o clone de uma ovelha adulta. O Globo, Rio de Janeiro, 24 fev. 1997. Ciência e Vida, p.21.

Cientistas que brincam de Deus. O Globo, Rio de Janeiro, 16 out. 1998. O Mundo, p.30.

Clonagem abre caminho para produzir monstros. O Globo, Rio de Janeiro, 1 mar. 1997. O Mundo, p.38.

Clones podem ser farmácias ambulantes. O Globo, Rio de Janeiro, 21 jan. 1998. Ciência e Vida, p.33.

Coração pode se regenerar. O Globo, Rio de Janeiro, 7 jun. 2001. Ciência e Vida, p.33.

COSTA, Mariana Timóteo da. Vidas à venda na internet. O Globo, Rio de Janeiro, 19 ago. 2001. Ciência e Vida, p.40.

COSTA, Mariana Timóteo da. Vamos clonar humanos. O Globo, Rio de Janeiro, 12 ago. 2001. O Mundo, p.38.

EINSIEDEL, Edna. Cloning and its discontents. Nature Biotechnology, New York, v.18, p.943-944, Sep. 2000.

EUA farão plano para controlar a produção de clones. O Globo, Rio de Janeiro, 26 fev. 1997. Ciência e Vida, p.36.

FOUCAULT, Michel. L’ordre du discours. Paris: Gallimard. 1971. 82 p.

FRANKLIN, Sarah. The reproductive revolution: how far have we come? London, The London School of Economics and Political Science, BIOS Working Papers, n.2. Dec. 2008. Disponível em:

http://www2.lse.ac.uk/BIOS/Working%20Papers/SarahFranklinWP2final.pdf. Acesso em 22 nov. 2001.

GILL, Rosalind. Análise de discurso. In: BAUER, Martin W.; GASKELL, George (eds). Pesquisa qualitativa com texto, imagem e som: um manual prático. 7ª ed. Petrópolis: Editora Vozes, 2008, p.244-270.

GOODELL, Rae. How to kill a controversy: the case of recombinant DNA. In: FRIEDMAN, Sharon M.; DUNWOODY, Sharon; ROGERS, Carol L. (eds.). Scientists and journalists: reporting science as news. New York: Free Press, 1986, p.170-181.

Havaianos produzem 50 clones de camundongos. O Globo, Rio de Janeiro, 28 jul. 1998. Ciência e Vida, p.36.

HELLSTEN, Iina. Popular metaphors of biosciences: bridges over time? Configurations, Baltimore, v.16, n.1, p.11-32, Wint. 2008.

HILGARTNER, Stephen. The dominant view of popularization: conceptual problems, political uses. Social Studies of Science, London, v.20, n.3, p.519-539, Aug. 1990.

HOLMGREEN, Lise-Lotte. Biotech as ‘biothreat’: metaphorical constructions in discourse. Discourse and Society, London, v.19, n.1, p.99-119, Jan. 2008.

JURBERG, Claudia et al. Embryonic stem cell: a climax in the reign of the Brazilian media. Public Understanding of Science, London, v.18, n.6, p.719-729, Nov. 2009.

KIREJCZYK, Marta. Parliamentary cultures and human embryos: the Dutch and British debates compared. Social Studies of Science, London, v.29, n.6, p. 889-912, Dec. 1999.

KITZINGER, Jenny. Questioning hype, rescuing hope? The Hwang stem cells scandal and the reassertion of hopeful horizons. Science as Culture, London, v.17, n.4, p.417-434, Dec. 2008.

KITZINGER, Jenny; WILLIAMS, Clare. Forecasting science futures: legitimizing hope and calming fears in the embryo stem cell debate. Social Science and Medicine, London, v.61, n.3, p.731-740, Aug. 2005.

LEITE, Marcelo. Determinismo genômico sai pela culatra. Folha de S.Paulo, São Paulo, 21 nov. 2004. Mais, p.11.

LIAKOPOULOS, Miltos. Pandora’s box or panacea? Using metaphors to create the public representations of biotechnology. Public Understanding of Science, London, v.11, n.1, p.5-32, Jan. 2002.

MARKS, Leonie A. et al. Media coverage of agrobiotechnology: did the butterfly have an effect? Journal of Agribusiness, Athens, v.21, n.1, p.1S20, Dec. 2003.

MICHAEL, Mike. Between the mundane and the exotic: time for a different sociotechnical stuff. Time and Society, London, v. 12, n.1, p. 127–143, Mar. 2003.

MICHELLE, Carolyn. ‘Human clones talk about their lives’: media representations of assisted reproductive and biogenetics technologies. Media, Culture and Society, London, v.29, n.4, p.639-663, Jul. 2007.

MULKAY, Michael. Rhetorics of hope and fear in the great embryo debate. Social Studies of Science, London, v.23, n.4, p.721-742, Nov. 1993.

MULKAY, Michael. Frankenstein and the debate over embryo research. Science, Technology and Human Values, London, v.21, n.2, p. 157-176, Spr. 1996.

MULKAY, Michael. The embryo research debate: science and the politics of reproduction. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1997. 228 p.

NERLICH, Brigitte; DINGWALL, Robert; CLARKE, David D. The book of life: how the completion of the Human Genome Project was revealed to the public. Health, London, v.6, n.4, p.445-469, Oct. 2002.

NISBET, Matthew C.; BROSSARD, Dominique; KROEPSCH, Adrian. Framing science: the stem cell controversy in an age of press/politics. The International Journal of Press/Politics, Thousand Oaks, v.8, n.2, p.36-70, Spr. 2003.

NISBET, Matthew C.; LEWENSTEIN, Bruce. Biotechnology and the American media: the policy process and the elite press, 1970 to 1999. Science Communication, Thousand Oaks, v.23, n.4, p.359-391, Jun. 2002.

O debate da vida. O Globo, Rio de Janeiro, 24 jul. 2001. Opinião, p.6.

ORLANDI, Eni P. Análise de discurso: princípios e procedimentos. Campinas: Pontes, 2000. 100 p.

Papa pede a Bush que proteja a vida. O Globo, Rio de Janeiro, 24 jul. 2001. O Mundo, p.28.

PASSOS, José Meirelles. Gêmeos aumentam polêmica sobre clonagem. O Globo, Rio de Janeiro, 10 mar. 1997. O Mundo, p.21.

ROBERTSON, John A. Reproductive technology in Germany and the United States: an essay in comparative law and bioethics. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, New York, v.43, p.189-227, Apr. 2004.

TELLES, Hilka. A revolução dos clones no reino animal. O Globo, Rio de Janeiro, 2 set. 1997. Rio, p.8.

VIEIRA, Tina. Ovelha transgênica deve baratear pesquisas. O Globo, Rio de Janeiro, 26 jul. 1997. Ciência e Vida, p.35.

WOLF, Don et al. Nuclear transfer in the rhesus monkey: practical and basic implications. Biology of Reproduction, Madison, v.60, p.199–204, Feb. 1999.

Copyright for articles published in this journal is retained by the authors, with first publication rights granted to the journal. By virtue of their appearance in this open access journal, articles are free to use, with proper attribution, in educational and other non-commercial settings.

 

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.