Résumé
RESUME – Le renouveau du fact-checking au tournant des années 2000 concerne d’abord la parole politique, qui basculera en partie dans le registre de la "post-vérité" à la fin des années 2010. Confronté au mépris pour les faits et à la désinformation, le fact-checking réaffirme l’autorité des journalistes et se présente comme un moyen de favoriser l’émancipation des lecteurs-citoyens, comme le montre le fact-checking des débats d’entre-deux tours en France et au Brésil, analysés dans cet article. Les éléments de preuve convoqués installent la méthode journalistique en norme et passent sous silence la dimension narrative du journalisme, celle où se joue la liberté d’expression et la représentation de la diversité des opinions. Entre politiques et journalistes, entre lecteurs convaincus et publics éloignés, un "nous versus eux" émerge qui questionne la prétention initiale du fact-checking à replacer le journalisme au cœur des échanges publics.
ABSTRACT – The revival of fact-checking in the 2000s mainly refers to political discourse, which partially shifted into the “post-truth” register in the late 2010s. Faced with disregard for facts and misinformation, fact-checking reaffirms the authority of journalists and presents itself as a means of promoting the emancipation of citizen-readers, as demonstrated by the fact-checking of the debates between the two rounds in France and Brazil, analyzed in this article. The tests called upon establish the journalistic method as the norm and ignore the narrative dimension of journalism, in which freedom of expression and the representation of diversity of opinions are at stake. Between politicians and journalists, convinced readers and distant audiences, an “us against them” dynamic emerges that questions the initial claim of fact-checking to place journalism at the center of public debates.
RESUMO – O renascimento do fact-checking na década de 2000 refere-se principalmente ao discurso político, que passará parcialmente para o registro da “pós-verdade” no final da década de 2010. Confrontada com o desprezo pelos fatos e a desinformação, a verificação dos fatos reafirma a autoridade dos jornalistas e apresenta-se como um meio de promover a emancipação dos cidadãos-leitores, como mostra o fact-checking dos debates entre os dois turnos na França e no Brasil, analisados neste artigo. As provas convocadas estabelecem o método jornalístico como norma e ignoram a dimensão narrativa do jornalismo, em que estão em jogo a liberdade de expressão e a representação da diversidade de opiniões. Entre políticos e jornalistas, leitores convencidos e públicos distantes, emerge um “nós contra eles” que questiona a pretensão inicial do fact-checking de colocar o jornalismo no centro dos debates públicos.
RESUMEN – El resurgimiento del fact-checking en la década de 2000 se refiere principalmente al discurso político, que pasará parcialmente al registro de la “posverdad” a finales de la década de 2010. Frente al desprecio por los hechos y la desinformación, la verificación de hechos reafirma la autoridad de los periodistas y se presenta como un medio para promover la emancipación de los ciudadanos-lectores, como lo demuestra el fact-checking de los debates entre las dos rondas en Francia y Brasil, analizado en este artículo. Las pruebas convocadas establecen como norma el método periodístico y desconocen la dimensión narrativa del periodismo, en la que está en juego la libertad de expresión y la representación de la diversidad de opiniones. Entre políticos y periodistas, lectores convencidos y audiencias distantes, emerge un “nosotros contra ellos” que cuestiona la pretensión inicial de la verificación de hechos de colocar al periodismo en el centro de los debates públicos.
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